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Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions below
Loneliness is a universal emotion that most of us experience at least once during our lifetime, although certain events, such as an illness or a pandemic, can make it feel more pervasive. If you're currently experiencing feelings of loneliness, you aren't alone. In fact, a 2020 study by Cigna found that 61% of Americans reported being lonely in 2019, up from 54% in 2018.
No matter what events are occurring around you, understanding loneliness and its risks is important for recognising when you, may need support. Read on to learn what loneliness is, its causes, long-term risks and ways to cope with the emotions that may come up when you're lonely.
What Is Loneliness?
The American Psychological Association (APA) defines loneliness as the "affective and cognitive discomfort or uneasiness from being or perceiving oneself to be alone or otherwise solitary."
In other words, loneliness is the mental or emotional discomfort you may experience from either being alone or feeling as though you are alone. This feeling stems from your social needs not being met and/or an inability to get the social connection you desire.
Loneliness vs Being Alone,
Although loneliness and being alone are commonly confused, being alone doesn't necessarily mean someone is lonely. "Loneliness is a feeling, while being alone is a situation or state of being, which is not inherently negative," says Nina Vasan, M.D., psychiatrist and professor at Stanford University School of Medicine and chief medical officer at Real, an online mental wellness membership site.
"You can feel lonely even when you're surrounded by other people such as a partner, family, co-workers or friends," continues Dr. Vasan.
It's also possible to be alone, but not feel lonely, she adds. "For example, if you're by yourself but connecting to others through good communication or activities like volunteering, you don't feel lonely."
What Causes Loneliness?
There are various demographic factors that may contribute to loneliness. Although Dr. Vasan notes that anyone can feel lonely at any time in their life, a few groups that stand out as having an increased risk of loneliness include "young adults, mothers with young children and the elderly." Immigrants are also at higher risk for loneliness, continues Dr. Vasan.
You may experience loneliness for a variety of reasons, but it can often stem from a major life change. A 2020 study by the University of Edinburgh suggests that the causes of loneliness differ depending on the age of the individual. For example, older adults experience loneliness more frequently as a result of living alone, while middle-aged individuals aren't as likely to report living alone as a cause of their loneliness.
This discrepancy between what causes loneliness in older adults versus those who are middle-aged could be due to the fact that older adults have retired and no longer have the community and daily interactions of work life, explains Nikki Press, Psy.D., a clinical psychologist in New York City. Older individuals are more likely to have lost friends and family members, and they are more likely to experience medical or physical limitations that restrict their opportunities for activities and socialising, continues Dr. Press.
Other common causes of loneliness include:
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Fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text.
Today is haat bar, and Ameen prepares to go there with items to sell. He wears a short-sleeved floral shirt over his (a) _____ Sonabhan notices how much he has grown while walking along the (b) _____ . She realizes that Ameen now resembles his (c) _____ He has a long neck and (d) _____ shoulders, just like his father. For the first time, she sees her son as a (e) _____ .
Fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text.
The text is about a mother giving (a) _____ to her daughter. She teaches tasks like (b)____ clothes and cooking. The mother warns her daughter not to act like a (c) ______ . She also emphasizes proper behaviour in (d) _____ The story shows the impact of (e) _____ roles on women.
Fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text.
Air pollution (a) _____ the ways in which the air is polluted. Air is the most important element of human environment. Man cannot (b) _____ a single moment without air. But we do not think that it is we who (c) ______ this most vital element. Clean air is essential for life. Air is polluted in many ways. For example, smoke pollutes air. Man makes fires to (d) _______ his food, to make bricks, burn refuse, melt pitch for road construction and burn wood. All these things produce heavy (e) _____ and this smoke pollutes air.
Fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text.
The weather suddenly took a (a) ______ turn that afternoon, and dark clouds began to gather. As the author was walking towards his room, he decided to change (b) ______ . to a friend's place. The sound of (c) _____ above made him stop and look up, where he saw a strange funnel cloud (d) _____ from the sky. In a hurry to find shelter, he found a (e) ______ and crouched there as the storm intensified.
Complete the table below with information from the passage.
Nelson Mandela | |||||
| Profession | Politician and President | ||||
| Aim | (i) _____ | ||||
| Who/What | Event | Place | Time | Contribution | Award |
| Nelson Mandela | birth | (ii) ______ | 1918 | ||
| He | (iii) ______ | Robben Island Prison | 1964-1982 | ||
| He | was president | South Africa | (iv) _____ | ||
| He | was awarded | 1993 | guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multiracial democracy | (v) ______ | |
Write a summary of the above passage in your own words.
আপনি আমাকে যেকোনো প্রশ্ন করতে পারেন, যেমনঃ
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